Jewish people supposedly received laws when God spoke to Moses. Ancient Jewish law {Mosaic Law} is one law basis. Mosaic Law is typical tribal patriarchal law. Mosaic Law limited revenge by rule of talion. Judicial system developed to determine proper revenge for wrongs.
Mosaic Law is Old-Testament first five books {Torah} {Pentateuch}.
Torah {Book of the Covenant} includes Ten Commandments in Exodus and other laws.
Torah includes Ten Commandments in second book {Exodus}.
Torah includes commandments {Ten Commandments} in Exodus.
Scribes wrote Mosaic-law expositions {Mishnah}. Mishnah is practical law. It appeals to high principles, such as equity, fairness, and humaneness. It distinguishes between civil and criminal law. It had harsh criminal penalties but did not use death penalty in later times.
Mishnah extensions {Talmud, Mishnah} have Gemara, Halachah, and Haggadah.
Talmud sections {Halakha} {Halakah} {Halakhah} {Halacha} {Halachah} {Oral Law} record Jewish rabbinic law, customs, and traditions.
Talmud sections {Hagadda} {Haggadah} have scripture ethical, prophetic, religious, and historical content and include benedictions, prayers, and psalms for Passover seder.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225